H. R. Palmer governed Northern Nigeria 1906-11 indirectly using the Hausa and Yoruba government and Islamic judiciary accepted by Lugard. For the Ibo, Tiv, and others who had no authorities, they created chiefs to govern. In 1908 the British Resident himself replaced the Emir’s court. However, when C. L. Temple became Resident of Kano the next year, he restored the Emir’s judicial council and appointed a free man rather than a prince. After the Lagos railway was extended to Kano in Hausaland in 1911, peanut exports went from less than 2,000 tons before 1911 to almost 20,000 tons in 1913. In the Northern Territories chiefs were given 5s for every man they sent to work in the colony’s gold mines. When this incentive failed, district commissioners used coercion.
Lugard came back to Nigeria in 1912 as Governor-General of the two protectorates and merged the Lagos and Northern railways into the Nigerian Railway. The two protectorates were amalgamated into the Colony of Nigeria in January 1914. That year the Yoruba elite formed the Christian Reformed Ogboni Society to counter the Europeans’ Masonic Lodge in Lagos. After the death of a native leader in prison in 1914 the Egba rioted, and the West African Frontier Force (WAFF) shot and killed seven leaders and 29 others. Herbert Macauley, the grandson of Bishop Crowther, led protests against the Lagos Water Rate and the alienation of land in Lagos by the Crown. Starting in 1914 Lugard began introducing into the south the native courts used in Northern Nigeria; but the Obas and Warrant chiefs had more power than was traditional and alienated their councils. Lugard imposed direct taxation on Benin in 1914.
credits: san.beck.com
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